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  BY    AFZAL YOUSAF Lithium ion batteries are widely used to power electric vehicles. There are different types of Lithium ion batteries based on the chemical composition and type of element used in it apart from lithium. Lithium is the active material in it and these batteries are popular as lithium ion batteries. In this article you can read about different types of Lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles. Types of Li ion batteries are:- Lithium ferrophosphate. Lithium manganese oxide. Lithium cobalt oxide. Lithium Titanate. Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. Lithium Ferrous phosphate (LFP) Lithium iron phosphate battery  ( LiFePO4  battery ) or  LFP battery is the most commonly used lithium battery in electric vehicles. In this battery chemistry,  LiFePO4     is used as cathode material and graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. This type have lower operating voltage around 3.2 V.  Due to its ...

  BY    AFZAL YOUSAF Power electronics components in electric vehicles plays an indispensable role in power exchange between components like Battery, BMS, Motor, electrical accessories etc. Even though electric vehicles requires less maintenance due to lacking more moving parts but power electronics components can become failure due to various reasons. In this article you can read possible Power electronics faults in Electric vehicles and method to diagnose the faults. Power Electronics components in EVs basically constitutes Power elements and power switches. From these kinds, the power electronic components of EVs are classified into:- Converter and Inverter Protection components In converter and Inverter section we can usually see DC-DC converter, DC-AC converter (Inverter) and AC-DC converter (Rectifier). And in Protection components mainly consists of connectors, Relays, Brake resistor etc. Common faults occurring in EV Power electronics are:- Open switch fault Short...

BY    AFZAL YOUSAF World needs power to run and in coming future it is sustainable and renewable energy that plays pivotal role for clean and greener Earth. Currently our energy storage strategy are shaped by Li- ion cells as it is used worldwide. But what changes can we expect in our energy storage strategy in coming future??? In this article you can read about the new battery technologies that could drive future energy requirements. As Battery/ Li ion cell manufacturers are constantly experimenting to improve cell chemistry to make cheaper, denser, lighter and more powerful batteries that transforms future energy storage scenario. From the latest report and articles, the upcoming new technologies in energy storage are:- New Generation Li ion Lithium Sulfur Graphene Battery Solid-State Super capacitors. New Generation Li ion Lithium ion technology we currently depended will reach an energy limit in coming years and researchers are working on to improve this technology. Recen...

BY    AFZAL YOUSAF   Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) is mostly used in Electric vehicles like E-bikes, E-rickshaws, small electric loading vehicles etc and is more popular among EV enthusiasts and designers. Popularity of BLDC motor is because of its exciting properties that makes it suitable and significant contributor of modern drive technology. In this article you can get an overview of BLDC Motor, construction, electronic position sensors , BLDC working and Advantages. Rapid gain in popularity has seen in BLDC motor due to its properties like High efficiency, Better speed vs torque characteristics, less weight, low cost, simple construction, reliable and easily availability . All these properties are due to modern power electronics and advancement in Microprocessor technology that helped to thrive BLDC Motor. BLDC Motor as name suggests they are brushless and communicated via electronically. In conventional DC Motors, brushes are used to transmit the power to the rotor wh...

  BY    AFZAL YOUSAF Battery pack is the motive source in electric vehicles. Designing of battery pack is one the important section in EV Designing and battery pack calculation depends on several factors. Normally range of the vehicle and Motor specfications directly influences the battery pack capacity. In this article you can get an idea of how to Design/ Calculate battery pack for EV as per your range requirement. Before designing a battery pack, Let's look the basic parameters of battery. Cell voltage - potential difference between the cell terminals. It is differentiated into Max voltage, Min voltage and Nominal voltage. Usually nominal voltage is taken for calculation and design as it is mid range between maximum and minimum voltage. Amp hour rating -  Amp hour rating of a cell/battery is how much amperage a battery/cell can provide for exactly one  hour .  The C  rating   tells you how many  amp hours  the battery/cell c...

BY   AFZAL YOUSAF     Electric motor is considered as the HEART of the EVs as is the main motive element. Even though maintenance in electric vehicles especially in motor is very less but faults can occur like any other materials. Main parts of the motor are Stator, Rotor, Bearing, Shaft, Poles, Yoke, electrical connection etc. And possible electric faults that can occur in a motor are:- Electrical faults Mechanical faults In Electrical fault, Major faults are Rotor related faults and Stator related faults. And in Mechanical section, usual faults are Bearing faults and Eccentricity-related faults . These faults can be summarised by the location of the fault occurrence. Rate of occurrence of the above faults are shown below in the pie chart. From above we can see the Bearing faults and Stator related faults are the most common faults in Electric motor. And when we take a deeper look on the specific faults that occurs during these faults are listed below. Rotor...

BY    AFZAL YOUSAF Electric motors are the main motive source of EVs. Working together with batteries, motor converts electrical energy into rotational energy and then into mechanical movement in wheels. Electric motor is usually referred as the "Heart" of the electric vehicle and it should have certain features to make it suitable for e mobility. As an ev enthusiasts and professional, when we look at the specifications of EVs, we find different types of motors are used like BLDC. PMSM, ACIM etc. In this article you can find the different types of motors used in EV. Types of motors used in EVs are following:- Direct current motor (DC) Brushless Direct current motor (BLDC) Alternate current Induction motor (ACIM) Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) Swithched reluctance motor (SRM) DC MOTOR DC Motor is an electric motor working on Direct current and converts it into mechanical energy. Main parts of the DC Motor are Stator, Rotor, Yoke, Poles, Stator Winding, Armature Wind...

  BY    AFZAL YOUSAF As electric vehicles are increasing in our roads, peoples are eager to know more about EVs. There are few components in electric vehicle where fault can occur compared to IC Engine vehicles. Battery is the source of energy in EVs and it is one of the important part where failure can cause a costly breakdown for the vehicle. In the early stage, fault diagnosis in EV battery were simple and relies on over current , over voltage, over heating etc. But with improved technology, fault diagnosis in EV battery becomes more diverse and specific. Read this article to find out possible faults that may occur in your EVs battery,  working of BMS and Battery diagnostic system. Normally battery fault in EVs can be classified into four:- Battery voltage fault Battery current fault Battery temperature fault Battery state of charge (SOC) fault. In battery voltage fault , types of possible fault we need to check are Low voltage fault, Over voltage fault, High vol...

  BY   AFZAL YOUSAF Development of Charging stations are the vital part of the EV infrastructure in India. Charging station should be set up on a regular interval that will help people bend towards more to electric vehicle and makes EV more friendly amongst them. Indian Govt. set up an infrastructure guidelines that makes compulsory of setting up a charging station every 3 km in cities and 25 km in Highways. Also there should be a charging infrastructure on every 100 km for long range and heavy vehicles on national highways. But unfortunately, at present we are nowhere near this requirement and there is an urgent requirement to set up required charging station as number of EVs are increasing in near future especially in big cities. If you are an entrepreneur, ev enthusiast or a person who is looking to set up a charging station in India, Please read the article to get an idea about the set up cost, Infrastructure required, and Cost effectiveness. Major steps for the charg...

BY   AFZAL YOUSAF Charging of electric vehicles is an integral part of owning an EV. Most of the electric vehicle owners feed their vehicle from grid in charging station or from the grid in residential area. Not all the electric vehicles are charged in the same manner as the charging system varies depending on the Time of charging, Type of battery, Cell c-rate, Type of vehicle etc. Obviously before owning an EV, so many doubts will be there in customer's mind about charging. In this article, you can find out the different types of charging stations and choose wisely according to your EV. Most of the EV customers would like to charge their vehicle in home itself. Charging an EV is a simple process by just plugging your vehicle to charger connected to the grid. But in contrast, all the chargers cannot connect to household grid as it needs some custom installation. Also the time taken to charge completely depends on the type of charger we use. Considering all the above factors...